Eventration left hemidiaphragm

Hydatid cyst liver

Pulmonary edema

Alveolar oedema manifests as ill-defined nodular opacities tending to confluence (see image with arrows). Interstitial oedema can be seen as peripheral septal lines - Kerley B lines (arrowheads). 

Grade	Description	PCWP (mmHg)
0	Normal	8 - 12
1	upper zone diversion	13 - 18
2	interstitial oedema	19 - 25
3	alveolar oedema	>25

Hydatid - water lily

Esophageal atresia, TEF

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Croup

AP view - loss of normal shoulders (lateral convexities) of  the subglottic  trachea secondary to subglottic  edema : steeple sign, pencil tip or inverted V sign
-Symmetric ,subglottic narrowing with narrow portion of the airway extending more inferiorly than the level of pyriform sinuses

Lateral radiograph-
Narrowing of subglottic  trachea
Loss of definition of subglottic  trachea
Hypo pharyngeal  overdistension
Normal epiglottis and aryepiglottic fold
Hypopharynx may be collapsed with distension of the lower cervical trachea - if expiratory image

The AP radiograph demonstrates bilateral narrowing of the subglottic airway, the "steeple sign" in the absence of epiglottic thickening 

Lateral radiograph shows distension of the hypopharynx (the patient's attempt at decreasing airway resistance) 

Ebstein's anomaly

BOX SHAPED HEART

Septal and posterior leaflets of  the tricuspid valve are long and redundant  -and there proximal portion is plastered to the wall of RV particularly along septal wall - result in tricuspid regurgitation

- Proximal portion of RV cavity is “atrialized” but it contracts synchronously with the ventricle 

- RV performance markedly reduced

patent  fortamen  ovale or atrial  septal defect frequently seen - results in Rt-to-lt shunt  inducing central cyanosis

Achalasia

     1) Esophageal dilation is best appreciated on lateral chest x-ray , fluid - filled  dilated esophagus is seen to displace the trachea and carina forward
    -When esophagus is dilated , it displaces the displaces the lung behind the right half of trachea (forming posterior tracheal stripe), so the posterior tracheal stripe appears thickened on lateral chest radiograph

    * if thickened post.tracheal stripe is seen in association with anterior bowing of trachea and anterior displacement of carina (esophageal dilation can be confidentally diagnosed )

    2) Frontal radiograph - absence of air in in the expected location of stomach    bubble
      -Air-fluid level within the dilated esophagus is noted

Meconium aspiration

widespread  bubbly lucencies in lung fields ( diff from rds - ground glass)

Anterior mediastinal mass - Thymic cyst

Sarcoidosis

1-2-3 sign/Garland triad-bilateral hilar nodes with right paratracheal adenopathy and AP window nodes

Normal thymus

Normal thymus:

1. has a triangular configuration ( sail sign)
2. does not displace the trachea posteriorly on lateral
3. is of low density allowing vessels to be seen through it
4. USG shows uniform reflectivity similar to liver

Achalasia Cardia

Right pulmonary aplasia

• Marked hyperinflation of the entire left lung  ( not just a lobe); herniation across the midline
• Marked mediastinal shift to the right
• Right rib crowding
• No aerated right lung, with loss of all silhouettes on the right